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升降浮沉药性理论溯源及升降浮沉药对配伍研究(1)
http://www.100md.com 2017年10月8日 《中国中药杂志》 2017年第16期
     [摘要]升降浮沉药性理论是指导临床组方遣药的重要依据之一。通过古籍及文献研究得知,升降浮沉理论萌芽于《黄帝内经》,实践于《伤寒杂病论》,成立于《医学启源》,发展于《本草纲目》及现代。升降浮沉理论目前大多停留在理论研究阶段,实验研究少有,临床研究中其对组方的指导主要包括升降相反、升降相生、以升为主和以降为主4种形式。运用升降浮沉药性配伍的药对主要有升药配对、升降配對和降药配对3种。利用现代生物学技术开展升降浮沉药性实验研究,揭示升降浮沉的科学内涵,将有助于其更科学的指导临床用药。

    [关键词]升降浮沉;中药药性;历史源流;药对配伍

    Origin of lifting and lowering theory and its herb pair study

    GUO Zhaojuan, YUAN Yiping, KONG Liting, JIA Xiaoyu, WANG Ningning, DAI Ying, ZHAI Huaqiang*
, 百拇医药
    (College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China)

    [Abstract]Lifting and lowering theory is one of the important basis for guiding clinical medication Through the study of ancient books and literature, we learned that lifting and lowering theory was originated in Huangdi Neijing, practiced more in the Shanghan Zabing Lun, established in Yixue Qiyuan, and developed in Compendium of Materia Medica and now However, lifting and lowering theory is now mostly stagnated in the theoretical stage, with few experimental research In the clinical study, the guiding role of lifting and lowering theory to prescriptions?mainly includes opposite?role?of lift and lower medicine property, mutual promotion of lift and lower medicine property, main role of lift medicine property and main role of lower medicine property Under the guidance of lifting and lowering theory, the herb pair compatibility include herb combination of lift medicine property, herb combination of lift and lower medicine property and herb combination of lower medicine property Modern biological technology was used in this study to carry out experimental research on the lifting and lowering theory, revealing the scientific connotation of it, which will help to promote clinical rational drug use.
, http://www.100md.com
    [Key words]lifting and lowering theory; Chinese herbal property; historical origin; herb pair

    升降浮沉是中药药性理论的重要组成部分,也是指导临床用药的重要原则之一。升降浮沉的含义有二:一是药物针对病势的作用趋向,升即上升,降即下降,浮即向外,沉即向内;二是药物对脏腑经络生理趋向的调节。它是从药物的作用趋势上对中药功效的形象概括。中药升降浮沉药性理论作为支撑中医药学尤其是中药临床应用的重要支柱之一,长期以来不断发展完善,这种不断完善同时也是不断被验证与证实的过程。本文旨在研究升降浮沉理论起源及其对临床组方遣药的指导作用,分析升降浮沉理论当前的研究及应用现状,冀以为升降浮沉理论的发展及中医临床科学合理用药提供有益借鉴。

    1升降浮沉药性理论溯源

    中药升降浮沉理论由来已久,其理论起源最早可追溯至《黄帝内经》。《素问·六微旨大论》谓:“升降出入,无器不有。”指出这是人体生命活动的基础,如一旦发生故障便导致疾病的发生。《素问·阴阳应象大论》中指出:“味厚者为阴,薄为阴之阳。气厚者为阳,薄为阳之阴。味厚则泄,薄则通。气薄则发泄,厚则发热。”而《素问·阴阳应象大论》云:“其高者,因而越之;其下者,引而竭之;中满者,泻之于内;其有邪者,渍形以为汗;其在皮者,汗而发之。”阐明了应根据升降出入障碍所产生疾病的病势病位的不同,采取相应的治疗方法。《黄帝内经》为中药升降浮沉理论的萌芽期,为其后来产生和发展奠定了理论基础。

    东汉时期,张仲景在《伤寒杂病论》中运用六经辨证和八法属性指导临床,是升降浮沉理论的最早实践者。在其所创经方中,非常重视中药升降浮沉之性。其中对疾病的治法即是将发散太过之病予以收敛,收敛太过之病予以发散。以升降浮沉理论概括八法,即汗法、吐法、温法以升浮为主;清法、下法、补法以沉降为主;和法与消法则升浮与沉降并举。在《伤寒杂病论》的113个经方中,其中升浮方有54个,治法多为汗法,吐法与温法,代表方有麻黄汤,麻黄与桂枝合用,二者皆为升浮之品,辛温解表,开腠发汗;沉降方有46个,治法多为清法、下法与补法,代表方如桃核承气汤,方中桃仁活血破瘀,大黄苦寒降泄,下瘀泻热,二者合用,瘀热并治;中和方有13个,治法多为和法与消法,如柴胡桂枝干姜汤即为和中兼温化水饮之法[1,2]。, http://www.100md.com(郭兆娟 袁一平 孔李婷 贾晓玉 王宁宁 戴莹 翟华强)
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