阿拉善地区荒漠肉苁蓉生态适宜性区划研究(1)
[摘要] 肉苁蓉为特色名贵中蒙药。通过走访和实地调查，收集肉苁蓉野外分布信息，综合气候、地形等相关生态因子，利用GIS技术和最大信息熵模型对阿拉善地区肉苁蓉进行适宜性区划研究。ROC曲线的AUC值均在0.9以上，表明最大信息熵模型的预测结果可信度高。研究结果显示影响肉苁蓉适宜性分布的主要生态因子为植被类型等14个生态因子，其适宜区域集中分布在阿拉善右旗中部(包括塔木苏苏木、阿拉腾敖包镇)、阿拉善左旗北部(包括吉兰泰镇、乌力吉苏木、苏红图苏木)以及额济纳旗的东南部(包括古日乃苏木、温图高勒苏木-拐子湖、巴音宝格德苏木以及绿城遗址附近区域)，与传统道地产区基本吻合。此外，区划结果还提供了肉苁蓉传统分布区以外的新适宜分布区，为今后开展肉苁蓉人工引种栽培选址工作和区域发展名贵中蒙药提供了科学依据。
[关键词] 肉苁蓉;GIS技术;最大信息熵模型;生态因子;生态适宜性
[收稿日期] 2014-11-06
, 百拇医药
[基金项目] 国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目 (2012BAI28B02);国家自然科学基金项目(81060372);内蒙古自治区教育厅项目(NJZY13239);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
[通信作者] 李旻辉，教授，硕士生导师，主要从事蒙药资源保护与利用研究，E-mail： li_minhui@aliyun.com
[作者简介] 李振华，硕士研究生，E-mail：lizhenhua23@126.com
Ecology suitability study of Cistanche deserticola in Alxa
LI Zhen-hua， WANG Yan-fang， YI Le-tai， ZHANG Ai-hua， REN Kai， ZHANG Chun-hong， BI Ya-qiong， LI Min-hui
, 百拇医药
(1. Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Hohhot 010020， China;
2. Baotou Medical College， Baotou 014060， China)
[Abstract] The distribution information of Cistanche deserticola was collected by interview investigation and field survey， and 55 related environmental factors were collected， the habitat suitability study was conducted based on geographic information system (GIS) and Maximum entropy model. The AUCs of ROC curve were both above 0.9， indicating that the predictive results with the maxent model were highly precise. The results showed that 14 major environmental factors have obvious influence on ecology suitability distributions of C. deserticola， including vegetation type et al， the suitable distribution areas are mainly concentrated in the central of Alxa Youqi， the north of Alxa Zouqi and the south-east of Ejin Banner， including Tamusu towns， Alateng towns et al， The zoning results basically coincide with the genuine producing areas， and further afford new suitable distribution areas， which can provide reference for the siting of introduction and cultivation of C. deserticola.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words] Cistanche deserticola; geographic information system (GIS); maximum entropy model; environmental factors; ecology suitability
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20150503
肉苁蓉为列当科肉苁蓉属植物荒漠肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma或管花肉苁蓉C. tubulosa (Schrenk)Wight的干燥带鳞叶的肉质茎。肉苁蓉始载于《神农本草经》，列为上品。《本经》后历代本草均有记载，包括《吴晋本草》、《名医别录》、《本草经集注》(陶弘景)等，其中《本草经集注》第一次记载了肉苁蓉的道地产区，曰： “(肉苁蓉)今第一出陇西(内蒙古西部、甘肃西部一带)，形扁广，柔润，多花而味甘(与荒漠肉苁蓉相符)，次出北国(陕西、山西一带)者，形短而少花”。历代药书对肉苁蓉均有记载，其昧甘、咸、性温，有补肾阳、益精血、润肠通便之功效。从20世纪80年代开始，国内外对肉苁蓉的化学成分和药理方面进行了大量研究，取得了丰富的研究成果。现代医学研究表明，肉苁蓉具有增强免疫功能、提高性功能、调节神经内分泌、增强体力、抗疲劳、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗老年痴呆、抗肝炎、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、润肠通便、镇静、增强记忆力、抗动脉粥样硬化、保护缺血心肌、促进创伤愈合等多种药用功能[1-2]。随着人民生活水平的提高和保健意识的增强，对肉苁蓉的需求量迅速增加。目前，野生肉苁蓉年收购量不足300 t，人工种植面积约4 000 hm2，年产量约1 000 t。而国内市场对肉苁蓉的年需求量在3 500 t左右，国际市场的需求量在1 000 t，肉苁蓉产量与国内外市场需求还存在很大差距[3]。此外，长期以来，由于不合理地大量采挖，肉苁蓉资源遭到严重破坏，现已列为国家二级濒危保护植物之一。, http://www.100md.com(李振华 王艳芳 伊勒泰 张艾华 任凯 张春红 毕雅琼 李旻辉)
[关键词] 肉苁蓉;GIS技术;最大信息熵模型;生态因子;生态适宜性
[收稿日期] 2014-11-06
, 百拇医药
[基金项目] 国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目 (2012BAI28B02);国家自然科学基金项目(81060372);内蒙古自治区教育厅项目(NJZY13239);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
[通信作者] 李旻辉，教授，硕士生导师，主要从事蒙药资源保护与利用研究，E-mail： li_minhui@aliyun.com
[作者简介] 李振华，硕士研究生，E-mail：lizhenhua23@126.com
Ecology suitability study of Cistanche deserticola in Alxa
LI Zhen-hua， WANG Yan-fang， YI Le-tai， ZHANG Ai-hua， REN Kai， ZHANG Chun-hong， BI Ya-qiong， LI Min-hui
, 百拇医药
(1. Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Hohhot 010020， China;
2. Baotou Medical College， Baotou 014060， China)
[Abstract] The distribution information of Cistanche deserticola was collected by interview investigation and field survey， and 55 related environmental factors were collected， the habitat suitability study was conducted based on geographic information system (GIS) and Maximum entropy model. The AUCs of ROC curve were both above 0.9， indicating that the predictive results with the maxent model were highly precise. The results showed that 14 major environmental factors have obvious influence on ecology suitability distributions of C. deserticola， including vegetation type et al， the suitable distribution areas are mainly concentrated in the central of Alxa Youqi， the north of Alxa Zouqi and the south-east of Ejin Banner， including Tamusu towns， Alateng towns et al， The zoning results basically coincide with the genuine producing areas， and further afford new suitable distribution areas， which can provide reference for the siting of introduction and cultivation of C. deserticola.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words] Cistanche deserticola; geographic information system (GIS); maximum entropy model; environmental factors; ecology suitability
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20150503
肉苁蓉为列当科肉苁蓉属植物荒漠肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma或管花肉苁蓉C. tubulosa (Schrenk)Wight的干燥带鳞叶的肉质茎。肉苁蓉始载于《神农本草经》，列为上品。《本经》后历代本草均有记载，包括《吴晋本草》、《名医别录》、《本草经集注》(陶弘景)等，其中《本草经集注》第一次记载了肉苁蓉的道地产区，曰： “(肉苁蓉)今第一出陇西(内蒙古西部、甘肃西部一带)，形扁广，柔润，多花而味甘(与荒漠肉苁蓉相符)，次出北国(陕西、山西一带)者，形短而少花”。历代药书对肉苁蓉均有记载，其昧甘、咸、性温，有补肾阳、益精血、润肠通便之功效。从20世纪80年代开始，国内外对肉苁蓉的化学成分和药理方面进行了大量研究，取得了丰富的研究成果。现代医学研究表明，肉苁蓉具有增强免疫功能、提高性功能、调节神经内分泌、增强体力、抗疲劳、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗老年痴呆、抗肝炎、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、润肠通便、镇静、增强记忆力、抗动脉粥样硬化、保护缺血心肌、促进创伤愈合等多种药用功能[1-2]。随着人民生活水平的提高和保健意识的增强，对肉苁蓉的需求量迅速增加。目前，野生肉苁蓉年收购量不足300 t，人工种植面积约4 000 hm2，年产量约1 000 t。而国内市场对肉苁蓉的年需求量在3 500 t左右，国际市场的需求量在1 000 t，肉苁蓉产量与国内外市场需求还存在很大差距[3]。此外，长期以来，由于不合理地大量采挖，肉苁蓉资源遭到严重破坏，现已列为国家二级濒危保护植物之一。, http://www.100md.com(李振华 王艳芳 伊勒泰 张艾华 任凯 张春红 毕雅琼 李旻辉)