蚯蚓粪中放线菌分离及其抗菌活性研究(1)
[摘要]采用平板涂布法分离蚯蚓粪中的放线菌，采用琼脂块法初步研究了蚯蚓粪中放线菌的抗菌活性，通过形态观察、生理生化特性和16S rDNA基因序列分析对抗菌活性较强的菌株进行鉴定。实验结果表明，从蚯蚓粪中共分离到放线菌26株，其中16株对指示菌株有抗菌活性，占分离放线菌总数的61.54%;菌株QYF12，QYF22对藤黄八叠球菌Micrococcus luteus具有较强的拮抗作用，其抑菌圈直径分别为27，31 mm;菌株QYF26对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌活性较强，抑菌圈直径为21 mm。菌种鉴定结果表明，菌株QYF12为教酒链霉菌Streptomyces chartreusis，QYF22为吸水链霉菌奥萨霉素亚种S. ossamyceticus，QYF26为灭癌素链霉菌S. gancidicus，该研究为下一步分离抗菌物质用于生物防治提供了理论依据。
[关键词]蚯蚓粪;抗菌活性;放线菌分离;鉴定
Isolation and antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from vermicompost
, 百拇医药
WANG Xue-jun1，2*， YAN Shuang-lin1，2， MIN Chang-li 1，2， YANG Yan1
(1. College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering， West Anhui University， Lu′an 237012， China;
2. Research Center for Endophytic Fungi Resources of Dabie Mountain， West Anhui University， Lu′an 237012， China)
[Abstract]In this paper， actinomycetes were isolated from vermicompost by tablet coating method. Antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes were measured by the agar block method. Strains with high activity were identified based on morphology and biochemical characteristics， as well as 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that 26 strains of actinomycetes were isolated， 16 of them had antimicrobial activities to the test strains which accounts for 61.54% of all strains. Among the 16 strains，the strain QYF12 and QYF22 had higher antimicrobial activity to Micrococcus luteus， with a formed inhibition zone of 27 mm and 31 mm， respectively. While the strain QYF26 had higher antimicrobial activity to Bacillus subtilis， and the inhibition zone diameter was 21 mm. Based on the identification of strains with high activity， the strain QYF12 was identified as Streptomyces chartreusis， the strain QYF22 was S. ossamyceticus and the strain QYF26 was S. gancidicus. This study provided a theoretical basis for further separate antibacterial product used for biological control.
, 百拇医药
[Key words]vermicompost; antimicrobial activity; actinomycetes isolated; identification
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20150408
蚯蚓粪是蚯蚓对其生活环境周围的有机物物质进行利用和降解的产物，是一种含有多孔团粒状结构的细碎类物质。该结构决定了蚯蚓粪具有许多良好的物理学特性，如疏松通气、维持适当水分和对周围有机物质的吸收和运输能力等[1]。蚯蚓在代谢的过程中会分泌降解有机物的酶类物质，如甲壳素酶、分解脂肪酶、蛋白质水解酶和淀粉水解酶等，能有效地促进复杂大分子物质降解转化为小分子结构[2]。蚯蚓粪中含有丰富的放线菌、细菌及真菌，研究发现这些微生物既可以让复杂物质矿化变成易于被植物吸收的有效物质，同时又合成了一些具有生物活性的物质，如抗菌物质、氨基酸以及糖等，这些物质成分赋予了蚯蚓粪具有一些特殊的性质[3]。近年来，在环境保护方面，人们研究的热点主要集中在利用蚯蚓资源化处理污泥、粪便、工业废弃物和除臭等[4-6]。在农业方面，蚯蚓粪作为一种优质生态肥料可用于促进作物的生长、增强植物的抗逆性和改善土壤土质等方面[7-11]，但有关从蚯蚓粪中分离微生物并对其代谢产物进行抑菌活性的研究还很少见。据文献资料报道，有学者已经从蚯蚓粪中分离出2株抑菌谱广的拮抗放线菌0103A，0104A，该2株菌在蔬菜苗期病害的控制中起重要作用[12]。也有报道从蚯蚓粪中分离出54株具有产酸性能的菌株，其中6个菌株对大肠杆菌具有拮抗作用[13]。本研究主要以新鲜的蚯蚓粪为研究对象，对其中的放线菌进行分离及抑菌活性的研究，并对抗菌效果较好的3株放线菌进行初步的分类鉴定，以期为蚯蚓粪中的放线菌用于生物防治提供更多的理论支持。, http://www.100md.com(汪学军 闫双林 闵长莉 杨艳)
[关键词]蚯蚓粪;抗菌活性;放线菌分离;鉴定
Isolation and antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from vermicompost
, 百拇医药
WANG Xue-jun1，2*， YAN Shuang-lin1，2， MIN Chang-li 1，2， YANG Yan1
(1. College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering， West Anhui University， Lu′an 237012， China;
2. Research Center for Endophytic Fungi Resources of Dabie Mountain， West Anhui University， Lu′an 237012， China)
[Abstract]In this paper， actinomycetes were isolated from vermicompost by tablet coating method. Antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes were measured by the agar block method. Strains with high activity were identified based on morphology and biochemical characteristics， as well as 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that 26 strains of actinomycetes were isolated， 16 of them had antimicrobial activities to the test strains which accounts for 61.54% of all strains. Among the 16 strains，the strain QYF12 and QYF22 had higher antimicrobial activity to Micrococcus luteus， with a formed inhibition zone of 27 mm and 31 mm， respectively. While the strain QYF26 had higher antimicrobial activity to Bacillus subtilis， and the inhibition zone diameter was 21 mm. Based on the identification of strains with high activity， the strain QYF12 was identified as Streptomyces chartreusis， the strain QYF22 was S. ossamyceticus and the strain QYF26 was S. gancidicus. This study provided a theoretical basis for further separate antibacterial product used for biological control.
, 百拇医药
[Key words]vermicompost; antimicrobial activity; actinomycetes isolated; identification
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20150408
蚯蚓粪是蚯蚓对其生活环境周围的有机物物质进行利用和降解的产物，是一种含有多孔团粒状结构的细碎类物质。该结构决定了蚯蚓粪具有许多良好的物理学特性，如疏松通气、维持适当水分和对周围有机物质的吸收和运输能力等[1]。蚯蚓在代谢的过程中会分泌降解有机物的酶类物质，如甲壳素酶、分解脂肪酶、蛋白质水解酶和淀粉水解酶等，能有效地促进复杂大分子物质降解转化为小分子结构[2]。蚯蚓粪中含有丰富的放线菌、细菌及真菌，研究发现这些微生物既可以让复杂物质矿化变成易于被植物吸收的有效物质，同时又合成了一些具有生物活性的物质，如抗菌物质、氨基酸以及糖等，这些物质成分赋予了蚯蚓粪具有一些特殊的性质[3]。近年来，在环境保护方面，人们研究的热点主要集中在利用蚯蚓资源化处理污泥、粪便、工业废弃物和除臭等[4-6]。在农业方面，蚯蚓粪作为一种优质生态肥料可用于促进作物的生长、增强植物的抗逆性和改善土壤土质等方面[7-11]，但有关从蚯蚓粪中分离微生物并对其代谢产物进行抑菌活性的研究还很少见。据文献资料报道，有学者已经从蚯蚓粪中分离出2株抑菌谱广的拮抗放线菌0103A，0104A，该2株菌在蔬菜苗期病害的控制中起重要作用[12]。也有报道从蚯蚓粪中分离出54株具有产酸性能的菌株，其中6个菌株对大肠杆菌具有拮抗作用[13]。本研究主要以新鲜的蚯蚓粪为研究对象，对其中的放线菌进行分离及抑菌活性的研究，并对抗菌效果较好的3株放线菌进行初步的分类鉴定，以期为蚯蚓粪中的放线菌用于生物防治提供更多的理论支持。, http://www.100md.com(汪学军 闫双林 闵长莉 杨艳)