青藏高原地区塞隆骨资源的分子鉴定和地理分布(1)
[摘要]为了提供塞隆骨药材资源地理分布的准确资料，研究对青藏高原地区的鼢鼠物种进行了分子鉴定。基于线粒体细胞色素B(cytb)基因测序结果，提取单倍型序列，并利用最大似然法(ML)和贝叶斯法(BI)构建系统发育树，以此判定每个个体的物种类型。共对35个种群的503个样品进行了测序，得到了1 140 bp长度的cytb基因全序列，从中检测到150个单倍型。其中有20个单倍型属于甘肃鼢鼠，有4个单倍型属于斯氏鼢鼠构成单系群，其余126个单倍型属于高原鼢鼠。在35个种群中，有28个全部为高原鼢鼠，有5个种群全部为甘肃鼢鼠，另有2个种群分别由高原鼢鼠+甘肃鼢鼠(DT2)、高原鼢鼠+斯氏鼢鼠(ZN3)混合而成。结果表明，青海湖周边地区和黄河贵德段上游附近地区可以作为塞隆骨药材的正宗来源地，而利用cytb基因可以准确鉴定鼢鼠物种，从而精确判定塞隆骨正宗药材资源的地理分布。
[关键词]塞隆骨;鼢鼠;分子鉴定;资源分布
[收稿日期]2014-07-12
, 百拇医药
[基金项目]国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31101628)
[通信作者]*林恭华，博士，主要从事动物学研究，Tel：15909717366，E-mail：lingonghua@nwipb.cas.cn
[作者简介]赵芳，博士研究生，主要从事动物学研究，Tel：18397102818， E-mail： zf_lgh@163.comMolecular authentication of Sailonggu and its resource
distribution in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
ZHAO Fang， DENG Xiao-gong， ZHANG Tong-zuo， SU Jian-ping， LIN Gong-hua*
, 百拇医药
(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota， Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology，Chinese Academy of Sciences， Xining 810008， China)
[Abstract]To provide accurate information on geographic distribution of crude drug Sailonggu in the plateau， we identified zokor species (Eospalax spp.) in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using molecular methods. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome B (cytb) gene sequences， we then extracted haplotypes from these sequences and reconstructed phylogenetic trees for the haplotypes using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Based on the trees， the species of each sample were determined. Five hundred and three samples from 35 populations were sequenced and their whole cytb sequences (1 140 bp) were obtained. From these sequences 150 haplotypes were detected， in which， 126 were Eospalax baileyi， 20 were E. cansus， and 4 were E. smithi of the 35 populations， 28 were E. baileyi type， 5 were E. cansus type， and the remaining 2 were mixed of E. baileyi + E. cansus (DT2) and E. baileyi + E. smithi (ZN3). The results showed that， the regions around the Qinghai lake and near the upper stream of Yellow River started at Guide could be viewed as the producing area of authentic Sailonggu， and also， the cytb gene is a powerful molecular marker to determine the species of zokors as well as for the authentication of geographic distribution of Sailonggu.
, 百拇医药
[Key words]Sailonggu; zokor; molecular authentication; resource distribution
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20150306
塞隆骨是鼹形鼠科Spalacidae鼢鼠亚科Myospalacinae高原鼢鼠Eospalax baileyi的干燥全骨架[1]，是国家一类动物新药材。塞隆骨性微温、味辛咸，入肝肾经，主要功能为祛风除湿散寒、舒筋活络、强筋健骨及增强机体抵抗力，其药理学作用与传统名贵中药材虎骨类似[2-4]，是目前较理想的虎骨代用品。但是药酒厂在收购塞隆骨时，发现商品中有其他动物骨骼混淆的现象，而现有的鉴别方法准确性、实用性差。尤其是当与鼢鼠属其他物种相混淆时，由于这类动物对地下生活方式的趋同性适应，种间区分难度较大，对专业水平和经验的要求极高[5-6]。, 百拇医药(赵芳 邓小弓 张同作 苏建平 林恭华)
[关键词]塞隆骨;鼢鼠;分子鉴定;资源分布
[收稿日期]2014-07-12
, 百拇医药
[基金项目]国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31101628)
[通信作者]*林恭华，博士，主要从事动物学研究，Tel：15909717366，E-mail：lingonghua@nwipb.cas.cn
[作者简介]赵芳，博士研究生，主要从事动物学研究，Tel：18397102818， E-mail： zf_lgh@163.comMolecular authentication of Sailonggu and its resource
distribution in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
ZHAO Fang， DENG Xiao-gong， ZHANG Tong-zuo， SU Jian-ping， LIN Gong-hua*
, 百拇医药
(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota， Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology，Chinese Academy of Sciences， Xining 810008， China)
[Abstract]To provide accurate information on geographic distribution of crude drug Sailonggu in the plateau， we identified zokor species (Eospalax spp.) in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using molecular methods. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome B (cytb) gene sequences， we then extracted haplotypes from these sequences and reconstructed phylogenetic trees for the haplotypes using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Based on the trees， the species of each sample were determined. Five hundred and three samples from 35 populations were sequenced and their whole cytb sequences (1 140 bp) were obtained. From these sequences 150 haplotypes were detected， in which， 126 were Eospalax baileyi， 20 were E. cansus， and 4 were E. smithi of the 35 populations， 28 were E. baileyi type， 5 were E. cansus type， and the remaining 2 were mixed of E. baileyi + E. cansus (DT2) and E. baileyi + E. smithi (ZN3). The results showed that， the regions around the Qinghai lake and near the upper stream of Yellow River started at Guide could be viewed as the producing area of authentic Sailonggu， and also， the cytb gene is a powerful molecular marker to determine the species of zokors as well as for the authentication of geographic distribution of Sailonggu.
, 百拇医药
[Key words]Sailonggu; zokor; molecular authentication; resource distribution
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20150306
塞隆骨是鼹形鼠科Spalacidae鼢鼠亚科Myospalacinae高原鼢鼠Eospalax baileyi的干燥全骨架[1]，是国家一类动物新药材。塞隆骨性微温、味辛咸，入肝肾经，主要功能为祛风除湿散寒、舒筋活络、强筋健骨及增强机体抵抗力，其药理学作用与传统名贵中药材虎骨类似[2-4]，是目前较理想的虎骨代用品。但是药酒厂在收购塞隆骨时，发现商品中有其他动物骨骼混淆的现象，而现有的鉴别方法准确性、实用性差。尤其是当与鼢鼠属其他物种相混淆时，由于这类动物对地下生活方式的趋同性适应，种间区分难度较大，对专业水平和经验的要求极高[5-6]。, 百拇医药(赵芳 邓小弓 张同作 苏建平 林恭华)